Modifier -25 vs -57

Tags: modifiers inpatient compliance

Overview

Both modifiers are used to unbundle E/M services from procedures, but for different scenarios.

Modifier -25

Definition

Significant, separately identifiable E/M service by same physician on same day.

Use Cases

• Minor procedure (0 or 10-day global)
• E/M above and beyond procedure work
• Different diagnosis than procedure

Example

99232-25 (Subsequent hospital care) + 36415 (Venipuncture)

Modifier -57

Definition

E/M service resulting in decision for major surgery.

Use Cases

• Major procedure (90-day global)
• Decision made during E/M visit
• Day before or day of surgery

Example

99223-57 (Initial hospital care - decision for surgery) + 47562 (Laparoscopic cholecystectomy)

Comparison Table

Feature	Modifier 25	Modifier 57
Global Period	0 or 10 days	90 days
Timing	Same day	Day before or day of
Purpose	Separate E/M from minor procedure	Report surgery decision
Attached To	E/M code	E/M code

Wrong Modifier Risk

Using 25 instead of 57 for major surgery will result in E/M denial during global period.

Documentation Requirements

For Modifier 25

• Document E/M separately from procedure
• Show medical necessity for both
• Different diagnoses support separation

For Modifier 57

• Document decision for surgery
• Note discussion of risks/benefits
• Include surgical consent documentation

Global Period Check

Always verify procedure’s global period before selecting modifier 25 vs 57.

00 Inpatient ProFee Coding MOC Inpatient Modifiers NCCI Edits for Inpatient