hyperplasia

DEFINITION of hyperplasia

The term hyperplasia refers to an increase in the amount of organic tissue resulting from cellular proliferation. It frequently leads to the gross enlargement of an organ. Hyperplasia is generally a reversible, physiological, or pathological response to a specific stimulus (such as hormonal surges, chronic irritation, or compensatory demand). Crucially, the cells in hyperplasia remain normal in appearance and organization, distinguishing it from dysplasia (abnormal cell changes) and neoplasia (cancerous or benign tumors). Common clinical manifestations include Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH) and endometrial hyperplasia.

---

ETYMOLOGY of hyperplasia

greek

Component	Origin	Meaning
hyper-	Greek hyper (ὑπέρ)	“Over”, “above”, or “excessive”
-plasia	Greek -plasia (-πλασία), from plassein	”Formation”, “growth”, or “molding”

The roots combine directly to mean “excessive formation” or “overgrowth.” The term emerged in the mid-19th century as microscopic pathology evolved, allowing physicians to distinguish between tissue enlargement caused by larger cells (hypertrophy) versus more numerous cells (hyperplasia).

---

🔀 ALIASES / ALTERNATE TERMS

• Cellular proliferation
• Tissue overgrowth
• Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) (common clinical variant)
• Endometrial hyperplasia
• Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH)
• Gingival hyperplasia
• Atypical hyperplasia (when the proliferating cells show slight abnormalities)

---

🔗 RELATED TERMS

• Hypertrophy — an increase in the size of individual cells, rather than the number of cells (e.g., muscle hypertrophy).
• dysplasia — abnormal development or alteration in the shape, size, and organization of cells; often a precancerous state.
• Neoplasia — uncontrolled, autonomous new cellular growth (tumors), which can be benign or malignant.
• Metaplasia — the reversible transformation of one differentiated mature cell type into another.
• Hypoplasia — underdevelopment or incomplete tissue formation (the antonym of hyperplasia).
• Atypia — structural abnormality in a cell; atypical hyperplasia carries a higher risk of progressing to cancer.

---

CODING CORNER

🏥 ICD-10-CM CODES

Prostatic Hyperplasia

Code	Description
N40.0	Benign prostatic hyperplasia without lower urinary tract symptoms
N40.1	Benign prostatic hyperplasia with lower urinary tract symptoms
N40.2	Nodular prostate without lower urinary tract symptoms
N40.3	Nodular prostate with lower urinary tract symptoms

Endometrial Hyperplasia

Code	Description
N85.00	Endometrial hyperplasia, unspecified
N85.01	Benign endometrial hyperplasia
N85.02	Endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia [EIN]

Other Specified Hyperplasias

Code	Description
K06.1	Gingival enlargement (includes gingival hyperplasia)
E25.0	Congenital adrenogenital disorders associated with enzyme deficiency (Congenital adrenal hyperplasia)
N60.31	Fibrosclerosis of right breast (includes hyperplasia of breast)
N60.32	Fibrosclerosis of left breast (includes hyperplasia of breast)

---

🔧 COMMON CPT CODES (Hyperplasia-Related Procedures)

CPT Code	Description
52601	Transurethral electrosurgical resection of prostate, including control of postoperative bleeding, complete (vasectomy, meatotomy, cystourethroscopy, urethral calibration and/or dilation, and internal urethrotomy are included) (TURP for BPH)
53850	Transurethral destruction of prostate tissue; by microwave thermotherapy (TUMT for BPH)
58100	Endometrial sampling (biopsy) with or without endocervical sampling (biopsy), without cervical dilation, any method (separate procedure)
58558	Hysteroscopy, surgical; with sampling (biopsy) of endometrium and/or polypectomy, with or without D & C
41820	Gingivectomy, excision gingiva, each quadrant
88305	Level IV - Surgical pathology, gross and microscopic examination (the standard path evaluation to confirm hyperplasia vs. neoplasia)

---

⚠️ Coding Note: Context is critical when coding hyperplasia, as it manifests differently depending on the organ system. For Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), ICD-10 requires knowing if the patient has associated Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (LUTS) to choose between N40.0 and N40.1. If N40.1 is used, an additional code must be assigned to identify the specific symptoms (e.g., incomplete bladder emptying, urinary frequency). For endometrial hyperplasia, coders must look closely at pathology reports to determine if it is benign (N85.01) or if there is atypia/EIN (N85.02), as the latter carries a significantly higher risk for malignancy and drives different clinical management.

---

DERIVATIONS of hyperplasia

TABLE definition AS Definition
FROM #medterm 
WHERE length(filter(roots, (word) => econtains([[]].roots, word))) > 0 AND file.name != [[]].file.name
SORT file.name ASC

---

Query functionality

TABLE definition AS Definition
FROM #medterm 
WHERE length(filter(definition, (word) => econtains([[]].definition, word))) > 0 AND file.name != [[]].file.name

Med roots Appendix A Prefixes Appendix B Combining Forms Appendix C Suffixes Appendix D Suffix forms