“air,” “gas,” “atmosphere” — elemental/substance combining form
The word entered English in the 1640s as aerial (adjective), borrowed from French aérien, from Latin aer, from Greek ἀήρ (aēr) — literally “air” (originally “mist” or “haze” in Homeric usage). The adjective aerobic appeared in the 1870s, coined by Pasteur. The root aēr (“air”) connects aer- to the entire air and gas roots: aerobe (aer- + bios → organism living in air/oxygen), aerophagia (aer- + phag- + -ia→ swallowing of air), and aeroembolism (aer- + embolism → air bubble in blood). The combining formaer- is highly productive in pulmonology, microbiology, and aviation medicine: e.g., aerobic, aerocolia, aerodontalgia, and aerotitis.