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H47.323

Properties3
codeH47.323
code_titleDrusen of optic disc, bilateral
statusActive ✅

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🧬 ICD-10 CM H47.323 — Drusen of Optic Disc, Bilateral

Billable Code Confirmed

ICD-10 CM H47.323 is a fully billable, 7-character ICD-10-CM code valid for FY2026 (October 1, 2025 - September 30, 2026). The 6th character “3” designates bilateral involvement, and the code is complete with no additional characters required for HIPAA-covered claim submission. This is the appropriate code when optic disc drusen have been confirmed in both eyes, whether by direct funduscopy, OCT, B-scan ultrasound, or autofluorescence imaging.

Non-Billable Parent Codes

H47.3 (Other disorders of optic disc) is a non-billable category-level code that cannot be submitted on a claim in any setting — it requires additional character specificity to identify the type of disc disorder. H47.32 (Drusen of optic disc) is the non-billable subcategory that still lacks the required laterality character; submitting H47.32 on any claim will generate a code validity edit and result in rejection or denial.

Clinical Context

Bilateral optic disc drusen are a common hereditary finding — ODD has a familial clustering pattern and is estimated to be bilateral in approximately 75% of cases, making H47.323 the most frequently applicable laterality code in this family. The bilateral designation is only appropriate when both discs have been independently confirmed via imaging; if the right eye is confirmed and the left is suspected but unconfirmed, separate unilateral codes with clear documentation are more defensible than defaulting to bilateral. H47.323 is particularly important in the pediatric and young adult population where bilateral ODD can closely mimic true bilateral papilledema and trigger extensive and costly neurological workups.

Code Classification

ICD-10 CM H47.323 is a diagnosis code under Chapter 7, Diseases of the Eye and Adnexa (H00-H59) in the ICD-10-CM tabular list. It carries no procedure, intervention, or supply component and is not a combination code — all associated procedures and comorbidities must be captured with additional CPT and ICD-10-CM codes.

🔍 Code Description

Optic disc drusen (ODD) are acellular calcified deposits composed of calcium, mucopolysaccharides, and nucleic and amino acids that accumulate within the prelaminar optic nerve head, and when confirmed in both eyes, H47.323 (bilateral) is the correct ICD-10-CM code.1 The deposits are believed to originate from mitochondrial byproducts of axonal metabolism that calcify over years within the nerve fiber layer, and the bilateral nature of the condition reflects its strong genetic underpinning — autosomal dominant inheritance patterns have been described in familial cases.1,2 Superficial drusen are visible on direct funduscopy as glistening, pearly deposits at the disc margin, while buried drusen require OCT, B-scan ultrasound, or autofluorescence imaging for detection; both variants are reported as H47.323 when confirmed bilaterally.2 Bilateral ODD can cause progressive bilateral visual field defects, most commonly arcuate scotomas, as enlarging deposits compress retinal nerve fiber bundles over time — the bilateral form carries an additive visual risk compared to unilateral presentation.1 Documentation must explicitly support bilateral confirmation before H47.323 is assigned; if only one eye is confirmed in the record, the appropriate unilateral code (H47.321 or H47.322) should be used until bilateral status is documented.

Bilateral optic disc drusen are the leading cause of bilateral pseudopapilledema and represent one of the most common reasons for neurological misreferral in ophthalmology — clinicians seeing bilateral disc elevation without confirmed elevated ICP should consider ODD as the primary etiology before ordering LP or MRI brain.2,3 When H47.323 is the confirmed final diagnosis after workup, it replaces any working code for pseudopapilledema or papilledema that may have appeared earlier in the record.3 Coders working in the inpatient setting should monitor for attending note updates after imaging results — initial encounter notes may carry the unconfirmed “bilateral disc swelling” language that should never be coded when imaging has confirmed bilateral ODD.

🌳 Code Tree / Hierarchy

H47 — Other disorders of optic [2nd] nerve and visual pathways ❌ Non-billable
│
├── H47.0 — Disorders of optic nerve, NEC ❌ Non-billable
│   ├── H47.01x — Ischemic optic neuropathy ✅ Billable (with laterality)
│   └── H47.09x — Other disorders of optic nerve ✅ Billable (with laterality)
│
├── H47.1 — Papilledema ❌ Non-billable
│   ├── H47.10 — Unspecified papilledema ✅ Billable
│   └── H47.11 — Papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure ✅ Billable
│
├── H47.3 — Other disorders of optic disc ❌ Non-billable
│   │
│   ├── H47.31 — Coloboma of optic disc ❌ Non-billable (requires laterality)
│   │   ├── H47.311 — Coloboma of optic disc, right eye ✅ Billable
│   │   ├── H47.312 — Coloboma of optic disc, left eye ✅ Billable
│   │   └── H47.313 — Coloboma of optic disc, bilateral ✅ Billable
│   │
│   ├── H47.32 — Drusen of optic disc ❌ Non-billable
│   │   ├── H47.321 — Drusen of optic disc, right eye ✅ Billable
│   │   ├── H47.322 — Drusen of optic disc, left eye ✅ Billable
│   │   └── H47.323 — Drusen of optic disc, bilateral ◀ THIS CODE ✅ Billable
│   │
│   └── H47.33 — Pseudopapilledema of optic disc ❌ Non-billable
│       ├── H47.331 — Pseudopapilledema, right eye ✅ Billable
│       ├── H47.332 — Pseudopapilledema, left eye ✅ Billable
│       └── H47.333 — Pseudopapilledema, bilateral ✅ Billable

H47.323 vs. Coding Both H47.321 + H47.322 — When to Use Which

Do NOT assign H47.321 and H47.322 together to describe bilateral ODD — when bilateral involvement is confirmed and documented, H47.323 is the single correct code and the unilateral codes are redundant. Assigning both unilateral codes simultaneously with H47.323 on the same claim is a code duplication error and may trigger claim edits; conversely, if the two eyes have different staging or severity documented by the physician, individual unilateral codes may be more clinically precise — query the physician to clarify documentation intent.

Tip

ICD-10 CM H47.329 (drusen of optic disc, unspecified eye) should never be used when bilateral involvement is documented — “unspecified” means the laterality is truly unknown or undocumented, not that both eyes are affected. Using H47.329 when bilateral is confirmed is a specificity deficiency that will be flagged in coding audits and may result in claim downcoding or denial on payers that require laterality specificity for ophthalmic diagnoses.

✅ Includes

  • Hyaline bodies of the optic disc, bilateral — an older clinical term for ODD in the ophthalmic literature; maps directly to H47.323 when both optic discs are affected.
  • Bilateral buried optic disc drusen — refers to deposits not visible on direct funduscopy but confirmed in both eyes via OCT, B-scan ultrasound, or autofluorescence; still coded as H47.323.
  • Bilateral superficial optic disc drusen — the more visible variant with glistening pearly deposits at both disc margins; also reported as H47.323.

❌ Excludes

Excludes 1

No formal Excludes 1 notes appear in the FY2026 ICD-10-CM tabular list directly under H47.323. However, H47.333 (Pseudopapilledema of optic disc, bilateral) cannot be coded simultaneously with H47.323 for the same encounter — once bilateral ODD is confirmed as the etiology of bilateral disc elevation, the pseudopapilledema code is clinically superseded and its use alongside H47.323 creates a contradiction that exposes the claim to audit. Similarly, assigning individual unilateral drusen codes H47.321 and H47.322 alongside H47.323 at the same encounter for the same condition represents a code duplication error and should never be done.

Danger

The most common Excludes 1-type error in this code family is pairing H47.333 (bilateral pseudopapilledema) with H47.323 (bilateral drusen) on the same claim after imaging has confirmed ODD — this is a clinical contradiction that payers may flag during post-payment review. A secondary error is assigning H47.321 + H47.322 + H47.323 all on the same claim, which represents triple-coding the same condition; use only H47.323 when bilateral ODD is confirmed.

Excludes 2

  • ICD-10 CM H35.363 — Drusen (degenerative) of macula, bilateral — separately codeable when bilateral macular/retinal drusen and bilateral optic disc drusen both exist in the same patient; these are anatomically and pathologically distinct conditions and dual coding is appropriate when documentation independently supports both. The presence of bilateral macular drusen (AMD-related) does not imply bilateral optic disc drusen and vice versa — coders must not assume co-existence without explicit physician documentation of both findings.

📋 Clinical Overview

Bilateral ODD, Bilateral Pseudopapilledema, and Bilateral True Papilledema — Coding the Bilateral Disc Elevation Triad

All three conditions present with bilateral optic disc elevation on funduscopy and share overlapping clinical presentations, making documentation clarity essential for accurate code assignment. The diagnostic imaging pathway — bilateral OCT, B-scan ultrasound, MRI brain, LP opening pressure — determines which code is supported, and the coder must not assign H47.323 until the physician’s final documentation confirms bilateral ODD as the etiology.

FeatureH47.323H47.333H47.11
EtiologyConfirmed bilateral calcified axonal deposits in both optic nerve headsBilateral disc elevation without confirmed cause; often ODD pre-imagingTrue bilateral optic disc swelling from elevated intracranial pressure
Diagnostic ConfirmationBilateral OCT, B-scan ultrasound, or autofluorescence confirming both discsClinical bilateral disc elevation with workup pending or inconclusiveMRI brain + LP with opening pressure >25 cmH₂O
Visual RiskProgressive bilateral arcuate scotomas; central vision typically preserved until advanced diseaseDepends on underlying cause; may be benign if ODD confirmedSevere bilateral visual loss if elevated ICP untreated; urgency diagnosis
Coding TriggerFinal imaging report explicitly confirms bilateral ODDBilateral elevated discs documented, etiology not yet confirmedNeuro-ophthalmology or neurology confirms elevated ICP bilaterally
Common Comorbid CodeH40.x when bilateral IOP elevation or glaucomatous damage is documentedMay convert to H47.323 if bilateral ODD confirmed on imagingG93.2 (benign intracranial hypertension) or G91.x (hydrocephalus)

Important

CDI trigger: In the inpatient setting, when a patient is admitted for “bilateral papilledema, rule out elevated ICP” and imaging confirms bilateral ODD, the CDI team should flag the record for a physician query to update the diagnosis — the attending note often retains “bilateral papilledema” language after imaging because the physician did not circle back to update the problem list. Coding bilateral papilledema (H47.11) when imaging confirms bilateral ODD (H47.323) is a significant clinical documentation accuracy issue and constitutes a principal diagnosis error in the inpatient setting.

Manifestations & Symptom Burden

  • Bilateral arcuate scotomas — the most common complication of bilateral ODD; caused by bilateral nerve fiber compression from enlarging deposits; code separately as H53.413 and H53.412 (arcuate scotoma, right and left eye) or H53.419 (unspecified) when documented.
  • Bilateral transient visual obscurations — brief, seconds-long bilateral vision darkening episodes triggered by postural changes; not separately ICD-10-CM codeable unless documented as a distinct named diagnosis by the physician.
  • Bilateral elevated IOP / glaucoma suspect — ODD-related axoplasmic flow disruption may compound glaucomatous damage bilaterally; when confirmed, assign appropriate H40.x codes alongside H47.323.
  • Bilateral progressive optic atrophy — in advanced or longstanding bilateral ODD, bilateral optic atrophy may develop; code with H47.20x laterality variants if separately documented by the physician.
  • Asymptomatic bilateral incidental finding — bilateral ODD is frequently discovered during routine dilated fundus exams with no symptoms; the code remains valid as an additional diagnosis when it alters monitoring, testing frequency, or management plan.

Tip

In the inpatient setting, bilateral ODD coded as a secondary diagnosis meets UHDDS secondary diagnosis criteria when it results in additional monitoring (e.g., serial visual fields, bilateral OCT), additional consultations (ophthalmology, neurology), or changes the clinical management pathway — capture it even when it is not the principal diagnosis. Manifestation coding conventions do not apply to ODD since it is not a manifestation of a systemic condition and carries no “code first” or “use additional code” tabular instruction.

💰 HCC Risk Adjustment

HCC ModelHCC CategoryHCC LabelRAF Impact
CMS-HCC v28Not mappedN/ANone
CMS-HCC v24 (legacy)Not mappedN/ANone
HHS-HCC (ACA)Not mappedN/ANone
CDPSNot mappedN/ANone

ICD-10 CM H47.323 carries no RAF value under any current major risk adjustment model, including CMS-HCC v28 (effective FY2024+) and HHS-HCC used in ACA marketplace plans.4 The bilateral character “3” does not change the HCC mapping outcome — bilateral ODD is treated identically to unilateral ODD from a risk adjustment perspective under all current model specifications.4 This code should not appear in HCC recapture lists, annual wellness visit coding prompts, or risk adjustment retrospective review targets. Despite the absence of HCC mapping, the code supports medical necessity documentation for associated procedures such as bilateral OCT (92133) and extended visual field testing (92083), which have direct financial impact at the CPT billing level.

🏥 MS-DRG Assignment

MS-DRGTitleTypeRelative Weight (FY2026)ALOS
123Neurological Eye DisordersMedical~0.7986~2.1 days

ICD-10 CM H47.323, when sequenced as the principal inpatient diagnosis, groups to MS-DRG 123 (Neurological Eye Disorders) under MDC 02 — the same DRG as H47.321 and H47.322, confirming that bilateral status does not produce DRG differentiation within this code family.5 DRG 123 is an undivided medical DRG with no CC/MCC split variants, meaning secondary diagnoses do not shift this case to a higher-paying DRG within the neurological eye disorder grouping regardless of comorbidity burden.5 The relative weight of ~0.7986 reflects a lower-acuity resource utilization profile consistent with the typically uncomplicated inpatient management of bilateral ODD.5 Coders should apply UHDDS principal diagnosis definition rigorously — if the admission was driven by a comorbidity such as bilateral acute glaucoma or elevated intracranial pressure workup, that condition may be more appropriately sequenced as principal and may group to a different, higher-weighted DRG. Never assign H47.323 as principal simply because it is the only ophthalmology diagnosis in the record; evaluate all diagnoses against the UHDDS definition.

🔗 Related ICD-10-CM Codes

Optic Disc and Nerve Disorders (Same Anatomical Region)

  • H47.321 — Drusen of optic disc, right eye — use when only the right eye is confirmed or when the two eyes have different severities warranting separate codes per physician documentation
  • H47.322 — Drusen of optic disc, left eye — use when only the left eye is confirmed; do not combine with H47.323 for the same condition
  • H47.333 — Pseudopapilledema of optic disc, bilateral — used when bilateral disc elevation is documented but etiology is not yet confirmed; should not be coded alongside H47.323
  • H47.313 — Coloboma of optic disc, bilateral — congenital structural disc defect, clinically distinct from acquired bilateral ODD
  • H47.203 — Unspecified optic atrophy, bilateral — may develop as a late sequela of longstanding bilateral ODD when separately documented

Conditions Frequently Documented Alongside Bilateral ODD

  • H40.x — Glaucoma family — assign separately when elevated IOP or confirmed glaucomatous damage is documented bilaterally; ODD and glaucoma may coexist and both should be coded when supported by documentation
  • H53.413 / H53.412 — Arcuate scotoma right / left eye — assign when bilateral field defects from ODD are separately documented on visual field testing
  • H35.363 — Drusen (degenerative) of macula, bilateral — may coexist with bilateral ODD; both codes are assignable when independently documented (Excludes 2 relationship)
  • G93.2 — Benign intracranial hypertension — relevant during workup when bilateral ODD must be differentiated from true bilateral papilledema from elevated ICP
  • H47.11 — Papilledema associated with increased intracranial pressure — working code that should be updated to H47.323 once bilateral ODD is confirmed as the etiology

🛠️ Commonly Associated CPT Codes

  • 92133 — Scanning computerized ophthalmic diagnostic imaging (OCT), posterior segment, optic nerve, with interpretation and report, unilateral or bilateral — the primary monitoring procedure for bilateral ODD; the descriptor “unilateral or bilateral” means 92133 covers both eyes in a single code when performed at the same encounter and is not reported twice for bilateral imaging; H47.323 is a covered diagnosis for 92133 per Medicare and commercial payer LCDs.6,7[[]]
  • 92134 — OCT, posterior segment, retina — applicable when bilateral macular/retinal evaluation is also performed; per CPT instruction and NCCI edits, 92133 and 92134 cannot be reported at the same encounter — select the one matching the primary clinical purpose of the imaging session.6
  • 92083 — Visual field examination, extended — appropriate for bilateral visual field monitoring of ODD-related arcuate scotomas; requires physician interpretation and report; supports H47.323 as the medical necessity diagnosis on the claim.7
  • 92250 — Fundus photography with interpretation and report — appropriate for longitudinal photographic documentation of bilateral disc drusen appearance; accepted by most payers when linked to H47.323; verify individual payer LCD requirements as some Medicaid plans restrict photographic coverage frequency.7
  • 99214 / 99215 — Established office visit, moderate/high complexity — the E/M level for the ophthalmology encounter where bilateral ODD is managed; bilateral involvement may support higher complexity MDM if it drives additional data review (e.g., bilateral OCT comparison, bilateral field analysis), but do not upcode based solely on the bilateral diagnosis without meeting MDM or time-based requirements.

NCCI Bundling Considerations

CPT 92133 (OCT optic nerve) and 92134 (OCT retina) are bundled under NCCI and cannot be reported together at the same encounter, even when bilateral ODD (H47.323) and bilateral macular drusen (H35.363) are both present as separately documented diagnoses.6 This is a hard NCCI edit with no modifier override available in most circumstances — select the OCT code that matches the primary diagnostic purpose documented in the physician’s note. Fundus photography (92250) is generally not bundled with 92133 when both procedures are separately documented as medically necessary, but coders should verify individual payer policies, particularly for Medicaid plans and certain BCBS regional policies where combined imaging restrictions may apply. When billing bilateral 92083 for extended visual fields, confirm that separate field reports for each eye are in the record to support bilateral medical necessity.

🔬 ICD-10-PCS Crosswalk

ICD-10-PCS codes apply only in the inpatient setting; bilateral ODD rarely requires surgical intervention, but the following PCS codes may be relevant when diagnostic procedures are formally documented during an inpatient stay.

  • 08JK0ZZ — Inspection of Left Eye, Open Approach — may apply when formal ophthalmoscopic examination of the left eye is documented as a procedure during inpatient admission; coding of routine bilateral eye examinations as PCS procedures varies by facility policy and should follow PCS Section B3 and B6 official guidelines.8
  • 08JJ0ZZ — Inspection of Right Eye, Open Approach — the right-eye counterpart; when bilateral examination is documented as a formal inpatient procedure, both right and left inspection codes may be reported per PCS multiple procedure guidelines if facility policy supports this.8
  • 08JK3ZZ — Inspection of Left Eye, Percutaneous Approach — applicable in the context of slit-lamp or indirect ophthalmoscope examination when coded at the procedure level; approach character “3” (percutaneous) is typically used for instrument-assisted examination without open incision.8

💊 Coding Scenarios and Examples

Scenario 1 — Outpatient Ophthalmology (Bilateral Monitoring Visit) A 38-year-old female with known bilateral optic disc drusen presents for her annual monitoring visit. The ophthalmologist performs bilateral OCT of the optic nerves and bilateral extended visual field testing. The report documents: “Stable bilateral optic disc drusen. Mild bilateral arcuate scotomas noted on Humphrey visual field, unchanged from prior year. No new visual symptoms.”

  • Correct coding: H47.323, H53.413 (arcuate scotoma, right eye), H53.412 (arcuate scotoma, left eye)
  • CPT: 92133 (bilateral OCT optic nerve — reported once per the “unilateral or bilateral” descriptor), 92083 (extended visual field), 99213 (E/M)
  • Sequencing: H47.323 as first-listed; bilateral scotoma codes added as separately documented comorbid diagnoses.
  • CDI note: Ensure both OCT and visual field reports are in the record documenting bilateral findings — payers may request records to support bilateral OCT when no asymmetry is noted.

Scenario 2 — Inpatient Neurological Workup, Bilateral Disc Elevation A 17-year-old male is admitted through ED with “bilateral papilledema, rule out pseudotumor cerebri.” MRI brain is normal. LP opening pressure is 18 cmH₂O (normal). Ophthalmology performs bilateral OCT and B-scan ultrasound confirming bilateral optic disc drusen. Final attending documentation: “Bilateral optic disc drusen confirmed as etiology of bilateral disc elevation. Intracranial pressure normal. No evidence of true papilledema.”

  • Correct coding: H47.323 as principal diagnosis; do not code H47.333 (bilateral pseudopapilledema) or H47.11 (papilledema) alongside confirmed bilateral ODD
  • MS-DRG: 123 — Neurological Eye Disorders
  • Sequencing note: The ED working diagnosis of “bilateral papilledema” should not be coded — once confirmed, H47.323 is the only correct diagnosis code for this condition; code the confirmed condition, not the presenting symptom when a definitive diagnosis has been established.
  • CDI note: Query the attending if the final discharge summary still references “bilateral papilledema” — this is a documentation accuracy issue requiring physician attestation that the final diagnosis is bilateral ODD before H47.323 is assigned.

Scenario 3 — Bilateral ODD with Asymmetric Progression, Right Greater Than Left Patient has previously documented bilateral ODD. At this encounter, ophthalmologist documents: “Bilateral optic disc drusen. Worsening arcuate scotoma right eye greater than left. Right eye RNFL thinning on OCT. Left eye stable. Both eyes remain affected.”

  • Correct coding: H47.323 (bilateral ODD confirmed); H53.413 (arcuate scotoma, right eye) as additional diagnosis for the right-eye-specific worsening
  • Sequencing: H47.323 remains the single correct code for the bilateral drusen condition; do not add H47.321 alongside H47.323 to “flag” right-eye worsening — the clinical detail belongs in the physician’s documentation, not through code duplication.
  • CDI note: If the physician intends to manage the two eyes as distinct clinical problems with different treatment plans, query for clarification on whether separate unilateral codes are more appropriate than H47.323 for this specific encounter.

⚠️ Coding Pitfalls and Tips

  • Never submit H47.32 (non-billable) on any claim. The laterality-unspecified subcategory code H47.32 is invalid for submission and will be rejected by all HIPAA-covered payers — always use H47.321 (right), H47.322 (left), H47.323 (bilateral), or H47.329 (truly unspecified laterality).3
  • Do not assign H47.321 + H47.322 + H47.323 together. H47.323 already captures bilateral involvement — adding the individual unilateral codes is code duplication, constitutes a billing error, and is likely to trigger a claim edit or audit flag from payers reviewing ophthalmic diagnosis clustering.3
  • Do not code H47.333 (bilateral pseudopapilledema) alongside H47.323. Once bilateral ODD is confirmed on imaging, the pseudopapilledema code is clinically superseded; coding both for the same bilateral disc elevation event is a clinical contradiction that exposes the claim to post-payment review.3
  • 92133 is reported once for bilateral OCT — do not report it twice. The CPT descriptor for 92133 explicitly states “unilateral or bilateral,” meaning a single unit of service covers bilateral optic nerve OCT at the same encounter; billing two units of 92133 for bilateral ODD will trigger a duplicate claim denial.6
  • Do not confuse bilateral ODD with bilateral macular drusen. H35.363 (drusen of macula, bilateral) is an Excludes 2 condition — both may coexist and both may be coded, but they are never interchangeable; optic disc drusen and macular drusen are distinct pathological entities at different anatomical locations.2
  • H47.329 (unspecified eye) is NOT a synonym for bilateral. Unspecified laterality means the laterality is truly unknown or not documented — do not default to H47.329 when bilateral is confirmed; doing so represents a specificity deficiency that will be flagged in coding accuracy audits and may result in payer downcoding.3

📚 Sources

  1. Hamann S, Malmqvist L, Costello F. “Optic Disc Drusen: Understanding an Old Problem from a New Perspective.” Acta Ophthalmologica. 2018;96(7):673-684. PMID: 29740958.
  2. Frisen L. “Swelling of the Optic Nerve Head: A Staging Scheme.” Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry. 1982;45(1):13-18.
  3. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) and National Center for Health Statistics (NCHS). ICD-10-CM Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY2026. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2025. https://www.cms.gov/icd10
  4. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. CMS-HCC Risk Adjustment Model, Version 28. Baltimore, MD: CMS; 2024. https://www.cms.gov/medicare/health-plans/medicareadvtgspecratestats/risk-adjustors
  5. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. ICD-10-CM/PCS MS-DRG v43.1 Definitions Manual — MDC 02, DRG 123. CMS; 2026. https://www.cms.gov/icd10m/FY2026-fr-v43.1-fullcode-cms/fullcode_cms/P0453.html
  6. American Medical Association. CPT Professional Edition 2026. Chicago, IL: AMA Press; 2025. (CPT codes 92133, 92134, NCCI edit guidance.)
  7. Blue Cross Blue Shield of Vermont. Vision Services and Medical Coverage for Ocular Disease — CPT and ICD-10-CM Reference. April 2025. https://www.bluecrossvt.org/documents/vision-services-april-2025
  8. Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. ICD-10-PCS Official Guidelines for Coding and Reporting, FY2026. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services; 2025. https://www.cms.gov/icd10

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