They develop slowly with age, trauma, radiation, or diseases like diabetes, leading to blindness if untreated; surgery replaces the lens with an artificial one, restoring sight effectively.
Nuclear sclerotic: Central lens hardening.
Cortical: Wedge-like opacities.
Posterior subcapsular: Back lens clouding, glare-prone.
latin From Latin “cataracta” (waterfall, portcullis), from Greek “katarrhaktēs” (down-rushing), metaphorically describing the white opacity resembling rushing water or an obstruction.