cystocele

Definition of cystocele

cyst-o-cel--e - Bladder hernia; A cystocele, also known as a prolapsed or dropped bladder, occurs when the wall between a woman’s bladder and the vagina weakens, causing the bladder to sag or bulge into the vagina

---

Etymology of cystocele

greek From [French], from [Ancient Greek] “κύστις”)_ (kústis, “anatomical sac”). By [surface analysis], cysto- +‎ -cele; The term is formed from two Greek roots:

• cyst- (κύστις): Root meaning “bladder,” “sac,” or “pouch.”

• -cele (κήλη): Suffix meaning “hernia,” “swelling,” or “tumor.”

• Literal Meaning: “Bladder hernia.”

---

Coding & Documentation Nuances

• ICD-10-CM: Cystoceles are classified under category N81.1- (Cystocele). Specificity is driven by the anatomical nature of the defect, requiring coders to distinguish between midline (N81.11) and lateral/paravaginal (N81.12) cystoceles. If the prolapse involves both the bladder and the urethra, use a code for cystourethrocele (N81.0-). If it occurs with uterine prolapse, combination codes (e.g., N81.2 to N81.4) take precedence.

• CPT (Current Procedural Terminology): The standard surgical correction for a cystocele is an anterior colporrhaphy, coded as 57240. If the surgeon performs a combined anterior and posterior repair (A&P repair for both cystocele and rectocele), the code is 57260.

• ICD-10-PCS Root Operations: * If the surgeon uses the patient’s native tissue to fix the defect (plication of fascia), the root operation is Repair (Restoring, to the extent possible, a body part to its normal anatomic structure and function).

  • If a synthetic mesh or biological graft is inserted to reinforce the vaginal wall, the root operation changes to Supplement (Putting in or on biological or synthetic material that physically reinforces and/or augments the function of a portion of a body part).

Clinical Indicators

To support the diagnosis and subsequent surgical coding, coders should identify the following in the clinical documentation:

1. POP-Q Exam: Pelvic Organ Prolapse Quantification scores in the physical exam, specifically positive values for points Aa and Ba, which measure the anterior vaginal wall.

2. Operative Report Language: Phrases such as “plication of the pubocervical fascia,” “dissection of the anterior vaginal mucosa,” or “Kelly plication.”

3. Patient Symptoms: Chief complaints of a “bulge falling out of the vagina,” “splinting” (having to manually push the bulge up to urinate), or stress incontinence.

Related Terms & Differentials

• Rectocele: Prolapse of the rectum into the posterior vaginal wall. It often occurs alongside a cystocele but requires a separate or combined repair technique (posterior colporrhaphy).

• Enterocele: Herniation of the small intestine into the vaginal vault, usually occurring at the apex of the vagina (apical prolapse).

• Urethrocele: Prolapse of the urethra into the vaginal wall. When it occurs with a cystocele, it is documented as a cystourethrocele.

• Colporrhaphy: The surgical procedure (suturing of the vaginal wall) used to repair a cystocele or rectocele. It is the treatment, whereas cystocele is the condition.

• Uterine Prolapse: The descent of the uterus into the vaginal canal due to the weakening of the cardinal and uterosacral ligaments.

---

DERIVATIONS of cystocele

TABLE definition AS Definition
FROM #medterm 
WHERE length(filter(roots, (word) => econtains([[]].roots, word))) > 0 AND file.name != [[]].file.name
SORT file.name ASC

---

Query functionality

TABLE definition AS Definition
FROM #medterm 
WHERE file.name != this.file.name
AND any(contains(definition, split(this.definition, " ")))

Med roots Appendix A Prefixes Appendix B Combining Forms Appendix C Suffixes Appendix D Suffix forms